International ERM Glossary

The International ERM Glossary is intended to provide users with a set of definitions that are in common usage around the world by actuaries, regulators and members of the insurance industry. The purpose in developing the glossary is to help provide a common understanding of the terms currently in use, as definitions and meanings have varied over time, and among practitioners. It can also be used as a training and educational tool for regulators.

The glossary can be consulted per letter, organization or grouping.

DISCLAIMER: The content of the International ERM Glossary has been compiled by the Joint ORSA Subcommittee of the Insurance Regulation Committee and the Enterprise and Financial Risk Committee of the IAA. This information has been collated and presented for educational and informational purposes to the members of the IAA and interested parties. The IAA assumes no responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, currency, reliability of the information in the International ERM Glossary or access to any information contained on any of the sources cited in the Glossary. The IAA, its employees and officers shall not be liable for any loss or damage, direct or indirect, which may arise or occur as a result of the use of or reliance upon any of the material in the International ERM Glossary.

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Glossary
TermGroupingOrganization or Jurisdiction Defining TermSource of DefinitionDefinition
Double GearingSolvency termsIAISIAIS Supervisory MaterialUsed to describe a situation where the same capital is used simultaneously as a buffer against risk in two or more legal entities of a conglomerate.D
Double GearingSolvency termsThe European Economic AreaCEA Solvency IISituation in which one entity holds capital for regulatory purposes, which is issued by another entity within the same group and the issuer is also using the same capital for regulatory purposes. In that situation, externally generated capital of the group is 'geared up' twice; first by the parent, and then a second time by the dependent.D
Double GearingSolvency termsThe European Economic AreaSolvency IIThe double use of own funds eligible for the Solvency Capital Requirement among the different insurance or reinsurance undertakings taken into account in that calculation shall not be allowed. (Solvency II Directive art. 222)D
Double GearingSolvency termsUnited StatesNAIC ORSA MANUALUsed to describe situations where multiple companies (typically parent and subsidiary) are using shared capital to buffer against risk occurring in separate entities.D